In line with our hypothesis, the negative relationship between the level of marital adjustment and the mentioned pattern of attributions for the negative behavior of one’s marital partner was more pronounced in the group of respondents who reported relatively higher frequency of such negative behavior in their marriage during the last month. Along with Ihe subjective quality of marriage, as assessed with the Marital Adjustment Test (Locke and Wallace, 1959) and attributions of partner’s negative behavior measured by the Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM, Fincham and Bradbury, 1992), we also assessed the frequency of the negative behavior presented in the RAM. Participants were 99 men and 103 women who have been married on average about 4 years. The aim of the study presented in this paper was to examine if the perceived frequency of a partner’s negative behavior moderates the association between lower marital satisfaction and the tendency to attribute partner’s negative behavior to internal, stable and global causes, and to perceive him/her as responsible and blameworthy for such behavior (Hewstone and Fincham, 1996).
The analysis of BJW scales correlations with the ratings of different aspects of life satisfaction, as measured by the Quality of Life scale (Krizmanić and Kolesarić, 1992), supported lite assumption that the BJW (especially in the personal domain) is a significant contributor in explaining the variance of life satisfaction ratings. Consistently with findings at previous studies, the level of endorsement of BJW statements in our study was significantly higher for the Personal than the General BJW scale. Both scales were found to be reliable, one-factor measures of two relatively separated aspects of the BJW. This paper presents some psychometric characteristics of the General BJW scale (Dalbert et al., 1987) and the Personal BJW scale (Dalbert, 1993) that were established in their first administration to a group of 206 students at the Faculty of Science and Arts in Zadar. At the same time this model represents the first meritorious attempt to ascertain the motivational basis of seemingly unselfish helping others not notionally only but empirically as well.Īlmost three decades of research on individual differences in the Belief in a Just World (BJW) provided strong evidence of their relationship with measurements of a number of other constructs such as authoritarianism, religiosity, locus of control, attitudes toward (under)privileged, neuroticism, life satisfaction and other indicators of well-being.
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The authors propose a method as well how to ascertain empirically whether motivation to help other is altruistic or egoistic in its essence. help whose aim is a reduction of the other’s trouble and not of personal unpleasant states. There is a suggestion that the experience of empathy provokes altruistically motivated behaviour, i. According to this model the spectator of a troubled person can experience qualitatively different emotions: personal anxiety and empathic care for the troubled person, These different emotional reactions result in different motivation to help. Batson and Coke on the other hand presuppose the experience of empathy can be a cause of unaffected altruistic motivation to help. According to Piliavin and Piliavin model, helping others in a trouble is exclusively motivated by egoism. These approaches are different from the above mentioned ones because they presuppose different kind of motivation, caused by emotional excitement. Recent approaches point out the importance of emotional factors as fundamental mediators in helping others. But by turning from the investigation of altruism as a social form of behaviour to definition of altruism as an attribute of personality, a problem necessarily arises of establishing internal determinants and motivational structure of the helping act. The majority of these researches investigate situational factors and external determinants of altruistic behaviour. Contemporary researches of the positive forms of social behaviour are only peripherally relevant for this centuries-old question.
Classical meaning of altruism lies in the fact that it seems to represent an exception from convincing' principle which argues that behaviour is controlled by rewards and punishments and in this connection by generalization that people are essentially egoistic.
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